Voyage Summary

India-to-Brazil tanker voyage from Gujarat to Rio de Janeiro, 25 days westbound across the Indian Ocean, around the Cape of Good Hope, and across the South Atlantic, October–November 2023. The route-averaged significant wave height was 1.95 m on the optimized track. The highest seas of the voyage came late, on the Brazilian approach at 24.2°S, 34.3°W: the optimized track encountered a peak of 5.96 m versus 5.64 m on the historical track – a marginally higher absolute peak in exchange for reduced overall heavy-weather dwell time, with Sea State 5+ waypoints cut from 26.1% to 23.4%. The lane runs entirely outside ECA zones, so VLSFO was held throughout with no fuel-switching event, and the 0.94% FOC savings (5.9 MT) is a pure routing result rather than a fuel-grade arbitrage.